What is osteoarthritis (OA)?

The word “osteoarthritis” is a combination of Greek word parts: “osteo” for bone, “arthr” for joint, and “itis” for inflammation. OA results from the progressive loss of joint cartilage, thickening of connective tissue around the joint, and the development of spur-like bony growths that cause pain with movement. OA most commonly affects the hips, knees, shoulders, elbows, and wrists. Dogs can develop OA from body conformation, weight, prior injury or surgery, abnormal joint development, repetitive stress activities, or gradual wear and tear. OA signs in dogs can mimic Lyme disease or pain from another body part. 

What are common OA signs in dogs?

Early signs include:

• Decreased activity

• Weight gain

• Stiffness on rising 

• Occasional lameness

Intermediate to advanced signs include: 

• Reluctance to use stairs, or jump

• Loss of stamina

• Progressive lameness

• Muscle loss or weakness

• Thickened joints

• Irritability

• House accidents

How is OA managed in dogs?  

The goal of OA management is to reduce discomfort and minimize further joint damage. Multi-modal treatment options for dogs include weight reduction, omega-3 fatty acid supplements, cartilage protective supplements and injections, anti-inflammatory and pain medications, acupuncture, laser treatment, and physical rehabilitation. Dogs with OA need regular veterinary visits to monitor their status and prognosis. Discussing a personalized management plan with your veterinarian is important for the best outcome for your dog.

What is the prognosis for dogs with OA?

OA prognosis depends on the disease stage and your dog’s treatment response. Dogs with well-managed OA, including at-home adjustments, can live a relatively comfortable and normal life. Unfortunately, OA is a progressive disease that may worsen over time.

Management tips for dogs with OA   

At-home needs include:

• Raised food and water dishes for easy access

• A supportive, comfortable bed

• Consistency with prescribed medications and supplements

• Modified surfaces to increase traction

• Physical therapy, and safe, regular exercise

• Safety gates, stairs, or ramps

• Monitoring appetite, drinking, urination, defecation, and activity level

In a crisis situation:

Contact your veterinarian immediately if your dog stops eating, has medication side effects, cannot walk, shows aggression, or vocalizes in pain.