What is laryngeal paralysis (LARPAR)?

The throat muscles of the larynx (i.e., laryngeal folds) open when breathing and close when eating or drinking. With LARPAR, the laryngeal folds are paralyzed and remain closed, which significantly impairs breathing. This condition often has no identifiable cause (i.e., idiopathic), but especially affects certain breeds, and may be part of an overall neurologic condition. Breathing can worsen when dogs with LARPAR are anxious, and a respiratory crisis can arise from partial or full airway obstruction.

What are common LARPAR signs in dogs?

Early signs include:

• Excess panting

• Exercise intolerance

• Change in voice/bark

• Coughing, especially after eating or drinking

Intermediate to advanced signs include: 

• Loud breathing sounds

• Respiratory gasping or distress

• Bluish gums

• Collapse

How is laryngeal paralysis managed in dogs?  

LARPAR management depends on sign severity. Surgery is highly recommended for dogs with severe breathing difficulty. The most common surgical approach is tying back the laryngeal folds to keep them open. If surgery is not an option, conservative management includes diet and lifestyle modifications, and anti-inflammatory or anti-anxiety medications. Discussing a personalized management plan with your veterinarian, and a veterinary surgeon, is important for the best outcome for your dog. 

What is the prognosis for dogs with LARPAR?

The prognosis for dogs who have surgery is good to excellent, but a 10% to 20% post-surgical risk of aspiration pneumonia exists. Conservative treatment may be adequate for mild cases, but LARPAR is a progressive disease, with the risk of acute respiratory distress. Regardless of the treatment plan, some dogs with LARPAR develop an enlarged esophagus (i.e., megaesophagus), or more generalized neurologic signs over time.

Management tips for dogs with laryngeal paralysis    

At-home needs include:

• Easy access to food and water, and a comfortable location

• A prescription weight loss diet, if needed

• Consistency with prescribed medications or supplements

• Elevating food and water dishes for larger dogs

• Low energy activity and play

• Avoiding stressful situations

• Monitoring appetite, vomiting, drinking, urination, defecation, weight, and energy level

• Watching for signs of worsening disease

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In a crisis situation:

Contact your veterinarian immediately if your dog is breathing rapidly, gasping for air, has bluish gums, or collapses.