If your cat has been diagnosed with osteoarthritis (OA), knowing more about the disease can help you provide them with a better quality of life.  Approximately 90% of cats aged 12 years and older have OA signs on X-rays. 

What is osteoarthritis (OA)?

The word “osteoarthritis” is a combination of Greek word parts: “osteo” for bone, “arthr” for joint, and “itis” for inflammation. OA results from the progressive loss of joint cartilage, thickening of connective tissue around the joint, and the development of spur-like bony growths that cause pain with movement. OA most commonly affects the hips, knees, shoulders, elbows, and wrists. Cats can develop OA from prior injury or surgery, body conformation, weight, abnormal joint development, or gradual wear and tear. Many cats show only vague signs of OA pain.

What are common OA signs in cats?

Early signs include:

• Decreased activity

• Unkempt haircoat

• Reclusive or heat-seeking behavior

Intermediate to advanced signs include: 

• Change in gait

• Stiffness on rising

• Reluctance to use stairs, or jump

• Irritability

• Decreased appetite

• Thickened joints

• Difficulty using the litter box

How is OA managed in cats? 

The goal of OA management is to reduce discomfort and minimize further joint damage. Multi-modal treatment options for cats include weight reduction, omega-3 fatty acid supplements, cartilage protective supplements and injections, anti-inflammatory and pain medications, acupuncture, and laser treatment. Cats with OA need regular veterinary visits to monitor their status and prognosis. Discussing a personalized management plan with your veterinarian is important for the best outcome for your cat.

What is the prognosis for cats with OA?

OA prognosis depends on the disease stage and your cat’s treatment response. Cats with well-managed OA, including at-home adjustments, can live a relatively comfortable and normal life. Unfortunately, OA is a progressive disease that may worsen over time.

Management tips for cats with OA    

At-home needs include:

• A low-sided litter box for easy access, and a comfortable bed

• Raised food and water dishes

• Consistency with prescribed medications and supplements

• Modified surfaces to increase traction

• Physical therapy, and safe, regular exercise

• Stairs or ramps to help your cat reach higher surfaces

• Keeping your cat indoors to avoid predators

• Monitoring appetite, drinking, urination, defecation, and activity level

In a crisis situation:

• Contact your veterinarian immediately if your cat stops eating, has medication side effects, cannot walk, shows aggression, or vocalizes in pain.