What is FPL? 

The parvovirus that causes FPL (i.e., feline distemper) attacks rapidly dividing cells, including in the bone marrow, intestines, and the developing fetus. Most cats are exposed to this virus at some point in their lives. FPL is hardy—surviving for a year or more in some environments—and the pathogen is resistant to many common disinfectants.

Infected cats shed the FPL virus in their urine, feces, saliva, and nasal secretions, and transmission occurs when a susceptible cat comes in contact with these infected bodily fluids or is bitten by an infected flea. An infected cat typically sheds the virus for one to two days, but because the virus remains stable in the environment for a long time, the disease can spread with no direct contact among cats.

What are common FPL signs in cats?

• Diarrhea.

• Vomiting.

• Fever.

• Depression/lethargy.

• Loss of appetite.

• Dehydration (may appear as sunken eyes or dry gums)

• Painful belly.

How is FIV managed in cats?  

There's no specific treatment for feline panleukopenia, so care usually focuses on supporting affected cats with fluids, nutrients, and other essential needs until they improve. This typically involves isolation from other cats, whether within the veterinary hospital or at home.

What is the prognosis in cats?

Sadly, kittens are at highest risk for feline panleukopenia virus (FPV). Even kittens who are vaccinated, if they are under four months old, are at risk due to interference from maternal antibodies. 50 to 100% of unvaccinated cats die even with treatment. Illness in recovering cats lasts 5- 7 days.

Management tips for a cat with FIV

• Fluids: Intravenous (IV) fluids are used to correct dehydration. Dextrose may be added to the fluids, and blood glucose levels monitored.

• Antibiotics: Antibiotics are used to treat secondary bacterial infections.

• Nutrients: Nutritional support is provided.

• Pain and anti-vomiting medication: Pain and/or anti-vomiting medications may be given.

• Transfusions: Cats with anemia or protein loss may need a transfusion.

• Isolation: Cats with FPV should be isolated from other cats, either at home or in a veterinary hospital.

• Antiemetics: Antiemetics such as metoclopramide or ondansetron may be effective. 

In a crisis situation:

Contact your veterinarian immediately if your cat suddenly collapses, has uncontrollable seizures, experiences difficulty breathing, behaves aggressively, or vocalizes in pain.