What is a brain tumor?

A brain tumor is an abnormal growth of cells in the brain. Approximately 50% of brain tumors in dogs originate in the brain, and are called “primary” tumors. “Secondary” tumors are caused by the spread of cancer from another body location to the brain. Tumors of any kind can cause brain injury from compression, inflammation, infiltration, and edema.

What are common brain tumor signs in dogs?

Early signs include:

• Behavior changes

• Listlessness

• Altered sense of smell

Intermediate or advanced signs include:

• Drunken gait, also known as ataxia

• Head tilt

• Head pressing

• Walking in circles

• Vision loss

• Seizures

How are brain tumors managed in dogs? 

Management depends on the brain tumor type, location, signs, and treatment cost. Palliative care focuses on keeping your dog comfortable with medications to reduce brain inflammation, minimize seizures, and control pain. Definitive care involves surgical removal of a primary tumor, and/or radiation. Chemotherapy is usually ineffective for primary brain tumors, but research on different treatment modalities is ongoing. Discussing a personalized management plan with your veterinarian and veterinary oncologist is important for the best outcome for your dog.

What is the prognosis for dogs?

Your dog’s prognosis depends on whether the brain tumor is primary or secondary, and the severity of clinical signs. For a primary brain tumor, survival may be between three to six months with only palliative care, or 5 to 28 months with radiation and/or surgery. Unfortunately, dogs with secondary brain tumors usually do not survive for more than a month.

Management tips for a dog with a brain tumor 

At-home needs include:

• Consistency with medications

• Easy access to food, water, and a comfortable location

• Prescription diets and supplements that promote brain function

• Separation from other animals, to avoid altercations or injury

• Caution with handling, and avoiding sudden movements

• Modified surfaces to increase traction

• Night lights, ramps or stairs, and safety gates

In a crisis situation:

• Contact your veterinarian immediately if your dog suddenly collapses, has uncontrollable seizures, experiences difficulty breathing, behaves aggressively, or vocalizes in pain.